Open Video Conference, NYU Law School
http://openvideoconference.org/
http://openvideoconference.org/about/
twitter: #openvideo
Opening statements and introduction
Yochai Benkler
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Summary:Keynote: Yochai Benkler – (10:15 AM – 10:45 AM) Description:Yochai Benkler is the Berkman Professor of Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard, and faculty co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. He writes about the Internet and the emergence of networked economy and society, as well as the organization of infrastructure, such as wireless communications. His work traverses a wide range of disciplines and sectors, and is taught in a variety of professional schools and academic departments. In real world applications, his work has been widely discussed in both the business sector and civil society. His most recent book, The Wealth of Networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom (2006), is considered a seminal peice on peer production and the power of networked socities. His work can be freely accessed at www.benkler.org. |
What we’re talking about is democracy and innovation.
The possibility of anyone to be effective in their ability to express themselves and to participate.
Industrial Information Economy
-stark bifurcation between porducerse and consumers
• passive large audiences
• professional, commercial producer Market based or government owned
In the Networked Information Economy
• Radically decentralized
• physical capital
o computation, communications, storage
o sensing and capture Human capabilities
o creativity, wisdom, insight, perspective
o presence
o socialization
-people get organized and not around formal structures, but that directly allow us to work with each other as human beings.
-Distribution action provides distributed possiblities for action, solutions, experimentation, adaptation.
? From mountain bikes to free software.
Ownership was a process rather than a reference to an authority
• A new kind of democracy is based on an economy to act and allows a more transparent and diverse culture
• a larger set of people can express themselves
• as people become creators they become better leaders
Political democracy
• The creation of the 5th Estate It’s the fact that people are around everywhere with their devices and able to capture things at they happen.
• Where will news reporting come form? People forget is the role of humanity to capture what it suffers and to make it known around the world.
• Remixing messages: Bomb Iran song from John McCain’s joke
• If we’re talking about being there this s an important component.
It’s not the same to say things in text and not in video. Cultural democracy
• Participatory definition of cultural meaning
o Wikipedia Tompkins Square Parkway
• Participatory cultural practice as artists/fan exchange
o Coulton, “Code Monkey”
• Appropriation and reworking
Distributed innovation
• The smartest, most creative people, with the most pertinente experience, inutiiton or associations wit present problems and solutions never work in the same company.
• Open innovation platforms allow innovation without asking anyone permission
• Commons: No “May I innovate” conflicts to retard or prohibit any given innovation, by anyone
o –a proprietary regime trades control and a more widely accepted incentive structure for diversity of innovations and innovations
o –it’s not an opposition between market and nonmarket but an alliance between market, nonmarket and government.
• Battle over the institutional government
Standards
• standards: well specified, open to all, common codified elements that form the boundaries between differently implemented approaches to solve common problems
o TCP/IP
o etc
o
o locate a capacity to act
Human creativity in loosely coupled systems may lead to a faster innovation environment, but it’s under threat by legal battles, telecomm,s copyright, paracopyright (DRM0, Trusted Systems) broader copyright; internationl harmonization as ratchet.
Push back: legal/political, etc
He shows a study on how much fair use is used.
We’re seeing the development
Fair use tookit for documentary filmmaking
centerforsocialmedia.org/fairuse
Can we create a new social cultural spaces in the overlap of maket and culture?
Distributed innovation in the serve of distributed democracy.
Open video
Summary:Mozilla: The Future of Open Video – (10:45 AM – 11:30 AM)
Description:Description Needed
Everyone everywhere would be empowered to speak with video.
The big but is that we don’t the world of online video to be just television.
Distribution
Technical
• -creative -legal
-distribution
The future of online video could be open, could be closed.
• Right now most of video is closed.
• By 2013 online video will account for 90% of all traffic.
Questions to ask ourselves and that will determine the future of online video
• Is the technology transparent and open?• Can people participate in a meaningful way?
how far does that go? Are there levels of quality that art impactful for participation?
• Is what we’re looking at allow people to innovate and remix without permisson?
Mozilla’s answers to all the below is yes whenever it develops new products.
Mozilla is about to demo Firefox 3.5 which is trying to push the market towards online video.
-What do we do when we evolve and put video in a structure that the web is used to?
Pad.ma
PAD.MA – Public Access Digital Media Archive – is an online archive of densely text-annotated video material, http://pad.ma/ #openvideo
These choices matter in this early stage. We are an open stage where we either choose platforms that require licensing or we pick a path where we have open video and open innovation. This is a decision we need to make as a group. We can’t force this on people and we have to make it explicitly.
Using YouTube as a baseline for quality is interesting.
Shows mpeg4 version.
In real world situations it means that the quality choices is not one we need to worry about anymore, it’s most about getting these tools into people’s hands and how to do you show their content.
Markets, technology and standards.
Technology choices matter.
There’s a video tag now that is part of the HMTL 5 specification. It’s not the player itself, but the video.
Summary:Fair Use Battles: Discussion – (11:30 AM – 12:10 PM)
Description:Falzone will discuss his experience defending Shephard Fairey in the much-discussed Obama Photo case, and McSherry will talk about her groundbreaking work in Lenz v. Universal, a case fighting for the acknowledgment of fair use in issuing DMCA video takedowns.
speaker: Anthony Falzone — Executive Director of the Fair Use Project at Stanford Law School
speaker: Corynne McSherry — Staff Lawyer, Electronic Frontier Foundation
Anthony Falzone
Stanford Law School
Corynee McSherry
Electronic Frontieer
Foundation
Shows video for The Search for COunt Dante a film by Floyd Web
Summary:Lizz Winstead: Featured Talk – (12:10 PM – 12:30 PM)
Description:Online video can be a powerful tool for satire and commentary, enabling independent voices to challenge the way the news is presented. Lizz Winstead, co-creator of The Daily Show and co-founder of Air America Radio, will share her vision for a world where connected citizens keep an eye on those who are supposed to be keeping an eye on elected officials. Winstead is currently involved with Shoot The Messenger Productions, an independent comedy group that performs a weekly satirical news summary in the form of the Off-Broadway show, Wake Up World.
speaker: Lizz Winstead — Co-creator, The Daily Show and Shoot the Messenger
Summary:The Pirate’s Dilemma: Keynote – (1:15 PM – 1:45 PM)
Description: Piracy can be a business model, argues bestselling author Matt Mason. Rather than battling pirates, producers should learn from them. Instead of chasing lost revenues through expensive and contentious litigation, or locking down content with intrusive access controls, producers should leverage this new cultural phenomenon. As a consultant, Mason helps firms understand how pirates light the way: they create markets, signal trends, and develop innovative ways to reach these markets.
speaker: Matt Mason — Author, The Pirate’s Dilemma
Summary:Lightning talks – (1:45 PM – 2:35 PM)
Description:Earth-Touch
Earth-Touch is a new type of wildlife filmmaking company. Earth-Touch’s mission is to celebrate the beauty of nature and to reflect what happens in the natural world truthfully and instantaneously to a global audience. Earth-Touch is different to other mainstream wildlife production companies because it is making high quality wildlife media free, accessible and available to the online video watching community.
Critical Commons
Critical Commons is a non-profit advocacy coalition that supports fair use of media for learning and creativity, providing resources, information and tools for scholars, students and creators. Our aim is to build open, informed communities around media-based teaching, learning and creativity, both inside and outside of formal educational environments. This presentation highlights some key features of Critical Commons including the ability to upload and share media, tagging, annotating and commenting on video clips, and the creation of playlists to share with students, members of your community and the public at large. presented by Steve Anderson — Assistant Professor, USC School of Cinematic Arts
Blender
A brief showcase and demo of Blender, a powerful free and open source 3d modeling, rendering, and video composting software. presented by Bassam Kurdali — Director and Animator, Elephant’s Dream (2006)
Reframe (Tribeca Film Institute)
Brian Newman is the president & CEO of the Tribeca Film Institute (TFI) where he leads the Institute’s innovative programs in support of filmmakers, youth and the public. Brian conceived and launched the Reframe project of TFI, a unique initiative that is digitizing and make available thousands of films for DVD, streaming and video on demand.
Uncensored Interview
Uncensored Interview creates high-quality open licensed interviews with musicians, connecting fans and artists. They are pioneers in the industry, and have recently been transcoding their videos into the Ogg Theora format.
Description:Earth-Touch
Earth-Touch is a new type of wildlife filmmaking company. Earth-Touch’s mission is to celebrate the beauty of nature and to reflect what happens in the natural world truthfully and instantaneously to a global audience. Earth-Touch is different to other mainstream wildlife production companies because it is making high quality wildlife media free, accessible and available to the online video watching community.
Critical Commons
Critical Commons is a non-profit advocacy coalition that supports fair use of media for learning and creativity, providing resources, information and tools for scholars, students and creators. Our aim is to build open, informed communities around media-based teaching, learning and creativity, both inside and outside of formal educational environments. This presentation highlights some key features of Critical Commons including the ability to upload and share media, tagging, annotating and commenting on video clips, and the creation of playlists to share with students, members of your community and the public at large. presented by Steve Anderson — Assistant Professor, USC School of Cinematic Arts
Blender
A brief showcase and demo of Blender, a powerful free and open source 3d modeling, rendering, and video composting software. presented by Bassam Kurdali — Director and Animator, Elephant’s Dream (2006)
Reframe (Tribeca Film Institute)
Brian Newman is the president & CEO of the Tribeca Film Institute (TFI) where he leads the Institute’s innovative programs in support of filmmakers, youth and the public. Brian conceived and launched the Reframe project of TFI, a unique initiative that is digitizing and make available thousands of films for DVD, streaming and video on demand.
Uncensored Interview
Uncensored Interview creates high-quality open licensed interviews with musicians, connecting fans and artists. They are pioneers in the industry, and have recently been transcoding their videos into the Ogg Theora format.
Summary:Open Video in the Developing World: Discussion – (2:45 PM – 3:15 PM)
Description:Two leading figures from Brazil and Nigeria will highlight the role that open video has to play in the vibrant culture of. Igwe, a prominent Nollywood producer, one of the world’s largest film industries, will explain the new models that Nigerian film producers have adopted. Lemos, a professor and renowned free culture leader in Brazil will explain how people in developing countries have innovated and created their own models for video and cultural production.
speaker: Charles Igwe — Principal Consultant, the Big Picture
speaker: Ronaldo Lemos — Director of Center for Technology and Society, Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) Law School, Brazil
The public sphere and how it’s been
Brazilian officials have prohibited the use of digital tools to do political campaigning. Next year is Brazil’s election.
It is important to see how working class Brazilians are going to use these tools for shaping the public political discussion.
Approximately 80% of the Brazilian population has access to cellphones.
The most famous social network in Brazil is Orkut. There are more than 80 million Brazilians that subscribe to Orkut. People from the middle and upper middle class are fleeing Orkut and going to Facebook.
Summary:Institute for the Future’s People of the Screen and the Global Lives Project – (5:15 PM – 5:45 PM)
Description:David Evan Harris will present preliminary results of People of the Screen, an Institute for the Future research project on the future of the medium of video and the role it will play in our lives over the next 5 to 10 years. David will also present a progress report on the Global Lives Project, a growing video library of human life experience, which now includes 24-hour video recordings of daily life of individuals from Lebanon, Serbia, India, China, Indonesia, Malawi, Brazil, Japan and the US.
presenter: David Evan Harris — Executive Director, Global Lives Project and Research Affiliate, Institute for the Future
From limited to ubiquitious
lunteers)
Summary:Mediaspace Potentials and Mapping Open Video – (5:45 PM – 6:15 PM)
Description:
In the first part of this session Kari-Hans Kommonen will discuss the broader context of digital media evolution. As all media is becoming digital, the media environment is changing from media specific devices and rigid, corporate controlled channels into a flexible, software designable open space, the Mediaspace, where anyone can produce and distribute, a shift that is also the fundamental force driving Open Video. What new potentials does the emerging Mediaspace present for society, media and for Open Video? The second part, hosted by Sanna Marttila, discusses the concept of openness and its various characteristics, and maps different definitions and dimensions in open video. The aim is to shed light on some of the current understandings and emerging practices of open video through online video clips. The mapping is conducted collaboratively online during the conference where everyone is invited to share their videos and views.
presenter: Kari-Hans Kommonen — Director, Arki research group in the Media Lab of University of Art and Design Helsinki
presenter: Sanna Marttila — Researcher and Project Manager, Arki research group in the Media Lab of University of Art and Design Helsinki
Where is here?
-The cloud
-How to access to the cloud
Examples:
One Laptop Per Child uses mesh networks
fon – share wifi at home from everywhere
Couch surfing
COMES
It’s the verb.
Youtombed
Oink
Please leave me alone code for google bot
robots.txt for www.uchicago.edu
We should provide metadata for video.
We should consider all video live streaming and people can tag things like a robots.txt
We should have the infrastructure so that if people want to be blurred then they can pick what they want blurred.
EVERYBODY
People can be nicer than you think under the right circumstance.
Casey’s experiment with tween box.
It’s a moving carboard box that says I’m trying to get here and people move them. 40 people moved the box.
Innocentive
Liveops
who knows what you’re being harnessed to do.
Captcha sweat shops
-spam companies hire humans to solve captchas all day long.
-Everyone is a potential livestreamer.
Summary:Crowdsourcing an Open Government: Using Distributed Video to Hold the Elected Accountable – (10:45 AM – 11:45 AM)
Description: The Sunlight Foundation is working to allow citizens, bloggers and journalists become their own best watchdogs by improving access to existing information, digitizing new information, and creating new tools and web sites to enable all of us to collaborate in fostering greater transparency. Thus far, as the Transparency Movement has developed, transparency has meant a primary focus on data sources for budgets, votes, earmarks and other such data that is—or should be—available online. As we move forward, though, it will be crucial to incorporate the work of citizen videographers, photographers and others in townhalls and state legislatures around the country, to hold elected officials accountable for their words and actions where mere data does not reach. Join this workshop/brainstorm about how we move forward building a citizen-video infrastructure for the Transparency Movement that touches every community in the United States.
presenter: Jake Brewer — Engagement Director, Sunlight Foundation
presenter: Robert Millis — Capitol Hub
presenter: Abram Stern — UCSC/Metavid
Creating a Mechanical Turk for transparency
How far as a government body should we go? Should we be installing metavid?
8 principles of open government data
Summary:Keynote: Xeni Jardin – (1:30 PM – 2:00 PM)
Description:She’s the co-editor of Boing Boing and host/executive producer of the daily internet video program Boing Boing tv—she’s Xeni Jardin!
In addition to her work at Boing Boing, Xeni also contributes to WIRED, National Public Radio’s “Day to Day,” and hosts NPR’s “Xeni Tech” podcast. She has been published in online and print versions of publications including the Los Angeles Times, MSNBC, WIRED News, Playboy, Popular Science, Gotham, Nerve, Grammy Magazine, Make, and more. Xeni is a very uniqe mix of journalist, unpop-cultural commentator, geek, and video producer.
Xeni will relate her recent experiences in Guatemala, where serious political and social unrest has been spreading through social networks and other citizen driven media.
speaker: Xeni Jardin — Co-editor, BoingBoing.net
Virgin America is giving
BoingBOing their own video.
If you want this project to be
a success you have to play to your center. They have been around for two years. There’s 500-600
episodes and they’ve survived and still producing video.
There’s no more gold in the hills.
Seminar 2 Calendar
Summary:FOSS Editing Showcase – (2:05 PM – 2:45 PM)
Description:In this session representatives from various free and open source non-linear video editing solutions will present their projects.
PiTiVi is an open source video editor, written in Python and based on GStreamer and GTK+.
Lumiera is a Free/Open Source Non-Linear Video Editing (NLE) application project for GNU/Linux developed by the CinelerraCV community.
Cinelerra is the most advanced non-linear video editor and compositor for Linux.
Blender is an open source, cross platform suite of tools for 3D creation.
presenter: Scott Frase — Cinelerra
presenter: Edward Hervey — PiTiVi
presenter: Tom Judge — Lumiera
presenter: Bassam Kurdali — Blender
presenter: Fateh Slavitsky — Blender
presenter: Raffaella Tranitello — Cinelerra and Lumiera
Summary:Public Media, Open Content, and Sustainability – (2:05 PM – 3:05 PM)
Description:How is public media being supported today by foundations, government agencies, and the public? What could be produced or funded differently? What strategic interventions—from producers, funders, technologists, the public—could help public broadcasting now reach more of its potential? In this panel a group of funders and practitioners look to jump-start the conversation and explore the future of public media.
moderator: Peter Kaufman — President and CEO, Intelligent Television
panelist: Jack Brighton — Director of New Media & Innovation, Illinois Public Media
panelist: Alyce Myatt — Executive Director, Grantmakers in Film and Electronic Media
panelist: Joel Pomerleau — Head of Interactive Services, National Film Board of Canada
panelist: Eirik Solheim — Project Manager and Strategic Advisor, NRK (Norway’s Public Broadcaster)
panelist: Vince Stehle — Program Officer, Surdna Foundation
We’re went from a system where media was dominated by political elites where elites are irrelevant.
public library vs. shopping mall model
Embracing participatory media and helping to make it better using our community standing which we do have and using that role to support community standards and open source. Facilitate conversations between communities. Reflecting the full diversity of communities we wish to engage.
Public media needs to find a way to sustain itself in those ways.
Could PBS use a transaction channel.
Avoid creating walled gardens. Where are people and how can you deliver content to those platforms.
People are watching long formats on the Web, states Joel Pomerleau of National Film Board of Canada.
But what about content.
We need to lead the way to creating a rights framework and digitizing information.
Question: how do we get people to equate quality to free creative commons content.
Who has control of the attention data.
Summary:Perspectives from Traditional Media – (3:05 PM – 3:50 PM)
Description: While online video presents new opportunities for new media creators, it has shaken many of the foundations of traditional mass-media. This panel opens a dialogue with traditional media players, asking how the quickly evolving open landscape can be engaged with productively, and exploring the economic and social imperatives that drive decisions.
moderator: Anita Ondine — CEO, Seize the Media
panelist: Peter Flood — VP, Business Development at GCluster America, Inc.
panelist: Tracey Barrett Lee — Vice President, Bridge Media Systems
panelist: Glenn Moss — Adjunct Instructor, School of Management at Binghamton University
panelist: Tania Yuki — Senior Product Manager (Video Metrix), comScore Networks
Summary:Amy Goodman: Keynote – (4:00 PM – 4:30 PM)
Description:Amy Goodman, host and executive producer of the news program Democracy Now!, often asks questions nobody else will ask, bringing her viewers and listeners the sort of information you can only get from independent media. Goodman believes that journalists should serve as a check to the powers that be. Democracy Now! is currently aired on over 700 radio and television stations. The program has proven the power of grassroots analog media, and has also been a pioneer in online publishing. The show streamed live audio over the internet as far back as 1997 and they currently offer the program in full-resolution over bittorrent. While the technology has never been the focus, Goodman is a strong advocate for more open and decentralized forms of publishing; she spoke on related issues at the National Conference for Media Reform in 2008.
Goodman will relate her experience as an independent journalist, and how a more open future can bolster the efforts of people working in similar grassroots capacities all over the world.
speaker: Amy Goodman — Host, Democracy Now!
We need a media that builds bridges between communities and doesn’t advocate the bombing of those bridges.
A freeflow of information is what saves a democratic society.
History of Pacifica
-NPR
-PBS stations
-Communities started demanding that TV and other media put the public back in public media.
They are live streaming, they are doing video formats, they are getting video out on as many sites as possible, use open source tools and technology, providing tools for users to embed and use the whole show and segment.
They are moving into a new LEED certified studio.
All the technical know how is about breaking the sound barrier.
The Exception to the Rulers is what all media should be.
Static is the title of their second book because amid all the media, there is this distortion and misrepesentation. We need to go back to the original meaning of “static” –
criticism, opposition, unwanted interference. we need a media that is the 4th Estate not for the state.
Someone asked me what I would think of the mainstream media, I said it would be a good idea.
In Iraq alone there are more than a million people that have died in Iraq alone. You think about the power of the images, which is why video is so important.
We represent the sword and the shield; the sword is the sword we wield on others and the American people represent the shield.
We have a decision to make, whether to represent the sword or the shield.
The entire country of East Timor had one T line to send media out.
It is absolutely critical for journalists to be protected all over the world because of the power of the lens.
We talk about a free media, but we have to talk about freeing the media.
Our job was breaking from the convention.
It’s great to hear her version of the convention story.
Crimes for committing journalism.
If only there was a peace officer in the house!
We were arrested for committed the crime of journalism.
what protected us was the video of our arrest and it going viral.
what protects us and what will protect people in Iran is the videos and us watching.
it is shedding a spotlight, redirecting that spotlight to really what’s important.
90% of life is just showing up. We shouldn’t have to get a record to get things on the record.
We have to break the sound barrier everywhere.
Maintaining the secrets and saying no to showing the images, there is a force more powerful than the position on the United States.
People working together that is the greatest force and that can change everything.
Amy calls for Obama to whow the pictures, show the images from the Iraq war. “Imagine if we could see the true images of war?”
REMIXING
Summary:Who Owns Popular Culture? Remix and Fair-Use in the Age of Corporate Mass Media: Panel – (5:00 PM – 6:00 PM)
Description:Our shared popular culture is driven by Hollywood movies, television shows, video games and the latest musical hits. Due to its ubiquitous nature, it is entrenched in our everyday lives, becoming part of the language we speak to each other and also shaping how we see the world around us. Since pop culture is largely created, distributed and owned by a few major media corporations, copyright laws restrict its public use. Given the tight control of these powerful institutions, how can remixers, artists, educators, youtubers and filmmakers find ways to speak using our shared pop cultural language? How does fair-use intersect with copyright regarding our artistic rights to create, criticize and build on the past? This panel will attempt to demystify fair use and re-imagine what a truly public popular media culture might look like.
moderator: Jonathan McIntosh — video remix artist and activist, rebelliouspixels.com
panelist: Francesca Coppa — Director of Film Studies and Associate Professor, English at Muhlenberg College
panelist: Elisa Kreisinger — Remixer, writer, and video artist, elisakreisinger.com
panelist: Karl Fogel — questioncopyright.org
panelist: Neil Sieling — New Media Fellow, The Center for Social Media at American University
It’s important to comment what’s on the dancefloor now!
It’s bout taking a storyline and making it relatable.
minority voices may not have enough influence in the marketplace.
The public needs to demand the space it’s going to get.
Who should not have the right to have shared culture.
Question and answer:
So long as people have access to it, means you don’t have to worry about competition. Make things a possible to make it available as widely as possible.
The internet is the digital greenspace.
Unless all this stuff gets concentrated where all this open video can do some good political work, then it’s going to stay this way.
Making art is a political act.
Insyncerator:
How about creating something that streams video and audio streams separately. This will allow remixers to distribute videos that get around synclicenses.
The DailyShow recontextualizes. They bring a different talent to it.
It’s a pyramid, what echelon are you talking about whether it’s about citizen journalism and more legacy media. For people who do have a experience there’s no attribution and accuracy issues in practice.
It’s what news does is adds commentary to a story.
LinkTV does remix the news.
They record satellite feeds and put a commentary on how one issue was covered by various newscasters. It’s very clear in the voice over and has very clear attribution.
They haven’t transferred the complexity of their dialogues to video from text to video.
Peter Pierce from Pirate Bay Party in Sweden
-sentenced to a year in jail and $3.6 million fine
-There are three people who are part of the Pirate Bay including their ISP
-They trying to get their verdict revoked.
-Are you stressed out about going to jail for 1 year and paying a lot of money. “Not really.”
-I don’t think anyone is going to pay anything.
-Did you see yourselves in this light. We didn’t set off to be something like this. We thought it was a good thing to stay up, that is everything for us. It’s weird when people talk about us in the media. But it’s good to inspire people.
-How have things changed for you?
I don’t care about people that don’t care about me, so it’s no problem.
-Are there practical solutions for getting paid when media is largerly free?
Most of those people [media] are stuck with the idea that they have to get paid the way they used. So they don’t look at other possibilities. It’s not my job to come up with the financing deals. I fix things and they need to come up their own business.
It’s the freedom of exchanging cultural ideas and so on. Without distributions no one would see these things.
Where do you see yourself in 5 or 10 years?
-Are you a judge?
Do you see the entertainment industry compromising with you?
Only when they don’t have any choices left.
What form would such a compromise take?
They need a solution that’s free. We’re not going to charge people.
So maybe they should pay the seers.
The impact of the Pirate Party in European parliament.
In a couple of years he sees not needing the party. That’s the point.
It’s going to be so huge that you’re going to be like “fuck.”
In like two days maybe three.
He hopes the Pirate Party and Green Party grows in the US.
We don’t know where our servers are because the govt’ seized them.
That’s the end!
Yes, I am still up at almost 1:30 AM after staying up until about 4 AM last night preparing for a presentation for